80+ từ vựng chủ đề Culture and Society thông dụng cho kì thi IELTS
28 Tháng Mười Một, 2022Từ vựng IELTS thông dụng
Từ những bộ sách hay nhất cho việc ôn thi IELTS, azVocab đã tổng hợp được hơn 80 từ vựng phổ biến nhất thuộc chủ đề Culture and society cho kì thi IELTS.
Các từ vựng này đều có thể sử dụng cho cả 4 kỹ năng Reading, Listening, Speaking và Writing. Những ví dụ được azVocab lựa chọn kĩ lưỡng trong từng ngữ cảnh cụ thể ở các bài thi IELTS. Điều này sẽ giúp các bạn biết cách sử dụng từ trong ngữ cảnh, tăng tính hiệu quả của việc học từ.
1. Từ vựng liên quan tới đặc trưng văn hóa
| culture (n.) – văn hóa | People can enjoy products from many different cultures today. |
| cycle (n.) – chu kì, chu trình | Historians see history as being driven by a combination of cumulative long-term trends and short to mid-term cycles, each of which contains the seeds of a subsequent but familiar situation. |
| diversity (n.) – sự đa dạng | There is a lot of give and take going on and you still get cultural diversity to some extent. |
| globalisation (n.) – toàn cầu hóa | Globalisation has made it possible to produce clothing at increasingly lower prices, prices so low that many consumers consider this clothing to be disposable. |
| heritage (n.) – di sản | Above all, they are records of cultural heritage and ways of expressing a community’s relationships with nature, between themselves and the wider world. |
| icon (n.) – hình tượng, biểu tượng | When people go travelling to far-flung places, they want to see something exotic, not the same icons they see all around them at home! |
| identity (n.) – cá tính, đặc tính | After taking the throne in 1974, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck instituted a number of policies designed to preserve the country’s cultural identity. |
| implication (n.) – ẩn ý, ngụ ý | While advertising generated modern anxieties about its social and ethical implications, it nevertheless acquired a new centrality in the 1920s. |
| influence (n.) – sự ảnh hưởng, tác động | The results strongly support the idea that human influence has a huge effect on making some songs more popular than others. |
| modernisation (n.) – hiện đại hóa | The modernization of the 100-year-old sewage and water systems will cost millions of pounds. |
| multiculturalism (n.) – chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa | Switzerland is well known for cheese fondue, penguin parades and its multiculturalism. |
| norm (n.) – quy tắc, quy phạm, tiêu chuẩn | Gradually, over time, as our society becomes more and more multicultural, there is a blending of these customs and we gradually come to redefine the norm. |
| notion (n.) – khái niệm; quan điểm | It is based on the notion of equal opportunities for all, equitable distribution of wealth and public responsibility for those unable to meet their own needs. |
| conservative (adj.) – bảo thủ | There are those who observe these social mores religiously, and these people are often labelled ‘conservative‘. |
| cultural (adj.) – (thuộc) văn hóa | What is known, however, is that the later Mayan peoples, who did leave behind a great deal of cultural evidence, based much of their high culture on earlier Olmec traditions. |
| ethnic (adj.) – (thuộc) dân tộc, (thuộc) tộc người | The difference in numbers between men and women who advance and persist in their fields cannot be attributed to race, ethnic, or social group. |
| multicultural (adj.) – đa văn hóa | I think globalisation could mean that we end up living a more interesting and multicultural life. |
| compound (v.) – pha, trộn, kết hợp | This problem is compounded by the fact that not only is the number of inhabitants diminishing, but they are also growing older. |
| conform (v.) – cư xử đúng chuẩn mực | When people conform, it helps make society more peaceful. |
| attitude (n.) – thái độ | As a species, we humans appear to have a much more active attitude towards our environment than any other species. |
| community (n.) – cộng đồng | A great idea to get children out of the house is to find out about how they can help in your local community. |
| standard (n.) – tiêu chuẩn | And we expect people to behave according to our accepted standards of behaviours. |
| influential (adj.) – có ảnh hưởng, có tác dụng | First adopted and flaunted by influential stars like the Rolling Stones in the early 1970s, tattooing had, by the late 1980s, become accepted by ever-broader segments of mainstream society. |
| unconventional (adj.) – không theo quy ước, trái với thông lệ | There will always be those who seek to break away from tradition and rebel. These people see themselves as unconventional in every sense of the world. |
| miscalculate (v.) – đánh giá sai | He miscalculated badly when he underestimated the response of the international community to the invasion. |
| misinterpret (v.) – hiểu sai | When we re-examined the regulations, we realized that we had misinterpreted them. |
| misjudge (v.) – đánh giá sai | It’s easy to misjudge people when you don’t really know them. |
2. Từ vựng liên quan tới các địa vị xã hội
| bureaucrat (n.) – quan chức | It turned out she was one of those faceless bureaucrats who control our lives. |
| civil servant (n.) – công chức | A senior civil servant has been disciplined for revealing secret government plans to the media. |
| mayor (n.) – thị trưởng | This museum first opened its doors in 1985, the result of years of effort by the mayor and others in our city. |
| middle class (n.) – tầng lớp trung lưu | The upper middle class tends to go into business or the professions, becoming, for example, lawyers, doctors, or accountants. |
| state (n.) – trạng thái; địa vị xã hội | A welfare state is a taxation system which allows the state to provide for the economic and social well-being of its citizens. |
| status (n.) – địa vị | Those students who are described as being both popular and well-liked manage to balance their high social status with positive qualities such as being kind and friendly. |
| working class (n.) – tầng lớp lao động | The working class usually reacts in a predictable way to government policies. |
| affluent (adj.) – giàu có | Affluent countries like Australia and Canada have a responsibility to help poorer countries. |
| wealthy (adj.) – giàu có, trù phú | In the 1980s and 90s, as technology made globalisation even easier, the downward trend for the wealthy countries continued falling to a low of two percent at the end of this period. |
3. Từ vựng liên quan tới các dịch vụ, tổ chức trong xã hội
| brand (n.) – thương hiệu | Luxury brands dominate both the cosmetic and skincare market. |
| military service (n.) – nghĩa vụ quân sự | The existence of pensions can be traced back as far as the Roman Empire, when soldiers were provided with a pension on retiring from military service. |
| old-age pension (n.) – tiền lương hưu | The old-age pension drawn monthly shall be determined by the premium payment years of the employees. |
| social service (n.) – dịch vụ xã hội | After the Second World War, some social services were taken care of by charitable organisations. |
| charitable (adj.) – từ thiện | The entire organization is funded by charitable donations. |
| essential (adj.) – quan trọng | Healthcare and education are both essential services that can be extremely expensive and as a result, unaffordable for those on a limited budget. |
| contribute (v.) – đóng góp | I learned about all kinds of people – politicians, inventors, soldiers, and even common everyday people who contributed to our history. |
| council (n.) – hội đồng | The local council of Esperance issued the USA with a $400 fine for littering. |
| joint venture (n.) – liên doanh | According to this author, there’s a new energy drink taking over the market and it’s a joint venture between Thailand and Austria. |
| safety net (n.) – mạng lưới an toàn | Alternatively, a welfare state cab refers to the creation of a safety net to provide social services such as free childcare. |
| segment (n.) – nhóm, ngành | A company creates a diverse product and pricing portfolio to meet the price range and needs of different customer segments. |
| stockpile (n.) – đồ dự trữ | They have a stockpile of weapons and ammunition that will last several months. |
| elderly (adj.) – lớn tuổi | The social cohesion of a small community can also be blighted by the seasonal migration of people to the cities to look for work out of season, leaving only the elderly behind. |
| merge (v.) – hợp nhất; kết hợp | If not for globalization, companies from different countries would not merge to do business. |
| factor in (phr.v) – coi là một nhân tố | To make accurate predictions we need to factor in the effect people have on their environment. |
4. Từ vựng liên quan tới sự phát triển của xã hội
| demographics (n.) – nhân khẩu | Then the company will discuss a wide range of factors about the product itself: what are the demographics (age, sex, education, income levels, etc.) and location of the people who are likely to use the product? |
| development (n.) – sự phát triển | Urban development due to an increased population also takes its toll as trees are cleared to make way for houses. |
| minority (n.) – thiểu số | Under capitalism, a small minority of people are in control of the money and resources of the planet. |
| prediction (n.) – sự dự báo, dự đoán | Predictions of the effects of global warming on the Gulf Stream are based on computer models, which differ to some extent. |
| projection (n.) – dự đoán | On current projections, there will be more than 426 million people over 80 in 2050. |
| proportion (n.) – tỷ lệ, phần | Not only will the populations of each of these societies dwindle, but an increasing proportion will be moving into old age, when they are less productive and use more health resources. |
| statistics (n.) – số liệu | One of the few areas in which long-term trends can be clearly seen is demographic statistics. |
| autonomous (adj.) – tự trị | They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province. |
| demographic (adj.) – (thuộc) nhân khẩu học | The single fastest-growing demographic group seeking tattoo services is, to the surprise of many, middle-class suburban women. |
| global (adj.) – toàn cầu | To prevent a catastrophe of global proportions, we need to find a way to reach a compromise between meeting our energy needs and living in an environmentally sustainable way. |
| harmonious (adj.) – hài hòa; hòa thuận | One of the main factors in ensuring a harmonious society is that there are clear, established patterns in the way we conduct ourselves. |
| mid-term (adj.) – trung hạn | Political balance can not be achieved by criticizing one party during the mid-term of a parliament and another at election time. |
| productive (adj.) – năng suất | On her most productive day, a worker should be able to walk four to five miles and burn as many as fifteen hundred calories while maintaining a normal workload. |
| subsequent (adj.) – theo sau, xảy ra sau | Those concerns were overshadowed by subsequent events. |
| worldwide (adj.) – toàn thế giới, rộng khắp | Cloudy Germany is the worldwide leader in the use of solar power. |
| flourish (v.) – hưng thịnh, phát đạt; phát triển | For most of human history, societies have been based on people cooperating to survive and flourish. |
5. Từ vựng liên quan tới các vấn đề xã hội
| dilemma (n.) – thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan, tình trạng khó xử | Many Muslim women face the terrible dilemma of having to choose between employment and their Islamic garb. |
| ageing (n.) – sự già hóa | Such population structures are also seen elsewhere, suggesting that population ageing may be widespread. |
| hindsight (n.) – nhận thức muộn | There have been many projections about the future which, with the benefit of hindsight, seem rather ridiculous. |
| poverty (n.) – sự đói nghèo | Bronson Alcott was a philosopher but not a provider, and the family lived close to poverty. |
| water shortage (n.) – sự thiếu nước sinh hoạt | He explains that recent changes have drawbacks – from water shortage to the restructuring of family units to the breakup of neighborhood communities. |
| anti-social (adj.) – phản xã hội; có hại cho xã hội | The cultural status of tattooing has steadily evolved from that of an anti-social activity in the late 1960s to that of a socially acceptable fashion statement today. |
| sceptical (adj.) – đa nghi, hoài nghi | Unfortunately, as a result, many people today are more sceptical about current predictions concerning global warming. |
| decline (v.) – giảm xuống | As a result, the earth dries out, causing soil erosion, and our crop yields decline, meaning new sources of water need to be sought. |
| dwindle (v.) – thu nhỏ lại; thoái hóa | If current trends continue, then in some countries, the population is expected to dwindle within the next 50 years. |
| exclude (v.) – loại trừ | If we enter a new group, we notice the unwritten rules and social norms of that. Those who fail to observe these norms are inevitably excluded from that group. |
| face (v.) – đối mặt | Conservators had to face the fact that their mission to preserve for future generations the culture of the moment would have to yield to accommodate materials chosen precisely because of their propensity to decay. |
| flaunt (v.) – khoe khoang, phô trương, chưng diện | Many rich people flaunt their wealth through their expensive cars and grand houses. |
| migrate (v.) – di cư | In 1849, many Australians migrated to the United States during the gold rush. |
| misinform (v.) – báo tin sai | The sections on agriculture and the rural economy are incomplete and misinformed. |
| mistrust (v.) – nghi ngờ | Some officers may be convinced of the need for reform, but the public fear and mistrust the police with good reason. |
| skew (v.) – bóp méo, xuyên tạc | These figures are skewed because not all of our customers have paid their bill yet. |
Hy vọng từ vựng chủ đề Culture and Society do azVocab tổng hợp sẽ giúp bạn chinh phục chủ đề này trong bài thi IELTS một cách dễ dàng hơn. Các bạn có thể xem thêm nhiều bài viết khác tổng hợp từ vựng thông dụng IELTS theo chủ đề thường gặp trên azVocab nhé!
