200+ từ vựng chủ đề People & Relationships thông dụng cho kì thi IELTS

1. Từ vựng Con người và sự phát triển

Từ + nghĩa	Ví dụ
adolescence (n.) – thời niên thiếu	Between the ages of six and twelve, a child reaches what is termed ‘middle childhood’ and they will stay in this phase until they reach adolescence.
adolescent (n.) – thanh thiếu niên	In terms of their cognitive development, adolescents* have greater reasoning skills and have developed the ability to think logically and hypothetically.*
adulthood (n.) – tuổi trưởng thành	In adulthood, hedgehogs meet primarily to mate, producing litters of four or five hoglets as often as twice yearly.
childhood (n.) – tuổi thơ ấu	Studies have shown that stress in adulthood can be related to an unhappy childhood.
growth (n.) – sự lớn lên, trưởng thành	As far as physical milestones are concerned, during middle childhood, growth* is steady but less rapid than during the pre-school years.*
height (n.) – chiều cao	Within a year, boys and girls can gain an average of 4.1 inches and 3.5 inches in height* respectively.*
infancy (n.) – tuổi còn ẵm ngửa	This is also a period of enormous physical change and adolescents experience changes in their physical development at a rate unparalleled since infancy.
infant (n.) – trẻ sơ sinh	There was a significant increase in brain size from about 400,000 years ago, and this may correlate with increasing infant* dependence.*
maturity (n.) – sự trưởng thành, sự phát triển đầy đủ	Eyes will reach maturity* in both size and function.*
milestone (n.) – mốc quan trọng (trong đời ai)	In the first years of a child’s life, many important milestones* are reached.*
period (n.) – thời kì	The other participants had to periodically shift priorities, improving their skills in one area for a period* of time while also maximising their success at the other tasks.*
phase (n.) – giai đoạn, thời kỳ (phát triển, biến đổi)	This growth spurt typically occurs two years earlier for girls than for boys and can tend to make both sexes go through a clumsy phase.
rate (n.) – tốc độ	Stress causes the body to burn up calories at a faster than normal rate.
stage (n.) – giai đoạn	There are some major changes occurring at this stage* as baby teeth will come out and permanent adult teeth wilt grow.*
teenager (n.) – thiếu niên, tuổi teen	Adolescence is a period of transition for teenagers* and there are many crucial milestones.*
toddler (n.) – đứa bé mới biết đi	By the age of two or three. the infant has reached the toddler* stage.*
transition (n.) – sự chuyển tiếp	The final stage before adulthood is adolescence. This is a period of transition* for teenagers and there are many crucial milestones.*
welfare (n.) – đời sống sức khỏe và niềm hạnh phúc	The government has had to cut expenditures in most areas in order to fund the cost of borrowing and welfare.
fully-grown (adj.) – trưởng thành	The average height is rather below four feet, although many full-grown* adults may be found who are very much smaller than this.*
immature (adj.) – chưa trưởng thành, non nớt	Children in middle childhood seem very immature in terms of their emotional and social skills.
mature (adj.) – trưởng thành	My younger brother is very mature* for his age. He doesn’t need my parents to help him with everything.*
develop (v.) – phát triển	From birth, parents can nurture and help develop* these social competencies by making eye contact with their babies, offering toys and playing with them.*
endure (v.) – chịu đựng	Children who experience a rewarding friendship before the birth of o sibling are likely to have a better relationship with that brother or sister that endures* throughout their childhood.*
establish (v.) – hình thành	I have established* a close connection with an older member of my family.*
nurture (v.) – nuôi nấng, nuôi dưỡng	If we don’t nurture* the artistic skills of young children, they are far less creative as adults.*

2. Từ vựng Con người và đặc điểm, tính chất, tính cách

Từ + Nghĩa	Ví dụ
ability (n.) – năng lực	A ‘cognitively fluid’ mentality is an ability* to link together information from different areas of our life.*
behaviour (n.) – hành vi	We can potentially track language by looking at the behaviour* of other animals.*
character (n.) – tính cách	Within a tenth of a second of seeing an unfamiliar face, we have already made a judgement about its owner’s character* – caring, trustworthy, aggressive, extrovert, competent and so on.*
characteristic (n.) – đặc điểm, đặc tính	These yards sprang up either in or around many major cities in the nineteenth century but were particularly characteristic* of London.*
courage (n.) – lòng can đảm	Courage is not motivated by fearlessness, but by moral obligation.
instinct (n.) – bản năng	I don’t think just anyone can be a good parent. Not everyone has the right instincts.
memory (n.) – trí nhớ	Our memory* prefers creating the past from the perspective of how relevant it is to our present situation.*
mind (n.) – tâm trí	Our bodies and minds* not only adapt to the surrounding world, but we actively shape and construct our environment to better suit our needs.*
nature (n.) – bản chất	If you think that these transport problems can be solved by building more roads, you completely misunderstand the nature* of the problem.*
optimist (n.) – người lạc quan	Pete, ever the optimist, said things were bound to improve.
originality (n.) – tính độc đáo	I don’t like his style, but you have to admire the originality* of his work.*
pessimist (n.) – người bi quan	Pessimists point out that every attempt to change the council’s composition has failed.
resemblance (n.) – sự giống nhau, tương đồng	Everyone tells me that the physical resemblance* between me and my maternal grandmother is very striking.*
temperament (n.) – tính khí; khí chất	I think have my father’s temperament* – we’re both very stubborn!*
trait (n.) – nét tiêu biểu	Telling stories is a trait* which is common to all nations.*
abstract (adj.) – trừu tượng	Cognitive fluidity makes it possible for human beings to emerge from the concrete situational present and to adopt a more general and abstract* approach.*
apprehensive (adj.) – e sợ	We did not interview females, as they were not vocal and quite apprehensive* of appearing before strangers.*
assertive (adj.) – quả quyết, quyết đoán	If you really want the promotion, you’ll have to be more assertive.
clumsy (adj.) – vụng về	I’m always dropping things so some people think I’m a little bit too clumsy.
cognitive (adj.) – liên quan đến nhận thức; dựa trên hiểu biết, kinh nghiệm	When it comes to cognitive* development, he will be able to find hidden objects easily and use objects correctly such as drinking from a cup.*
consistent (adj.) – kiên định, nhất quán	Our results are consistent* with some winners using their prize to take additional risks or buy luxury goods.*
cooperative (adj.) – sẵn sàng hợp tác	The president said the visit would develop friendly and cooperative* relations between the two countries.*
cynical (adj.) – hoài nghi	Many people have become cynical* about the stage-managed debates between politicians which regularly appear on television.*
desirable (adj.) – đáng thèm muốn	Young people may not see popularity as a desirable* trait.*
eccentric (adj.) – lập dị, kì cục	Such originality as there consists of a variety of eccentric* themes.*
egotistical (adj.) – tự cao tự đại	He is portrayed as a handsome young man, but has a rather cocky and egotistical* personality.*
fond (adj.) – thích, yêu mến	I am fond* of watching films at home, but I have to say that I prefer films in the cinema.*
gullible (adj.) – khờ khạo, cả tin	There is any number of miracle cures on the market for people gullible* enough to buy them.*
idealised (adj.) – lý tưởng hóa	Popular students are not idealised* in the way that popular culture sometimes portrays.*
idealistic (adj.) – mơ mộng	Idealistic young people died for the cause.
inconsiderate (adj.) – thờ ơ, thiếu quan tâm	Our neighbours are very inconsiderate* – they’re always playing loud music late at night.*
indecisive (adj.) – do dự, lưỡng lự, không dứt khoát	We cannot be resolute in our remarks, but indecisive when it comes to taking action.
independent (adj.) – độc lập	He made my job quite difficult because he wasn’t independent* at all.*
irresponsible (adj.) – vô trách nhiệm	I think it’s irresponsible* to carry on causing environmental damage that makes animals suffer.*
materialistic (adj.) – duy vật; thực dụng	She is very materialistic. All she cares about is clothes and expensive cars.
patient (adj.) – kiên nhẫn	If you could just be patient* for a few more minutes, someone will be with you shortly.*
rebellious (adj.) – bất trị	Middle children, on the other hand, are more likely to be rebellious, perhaps in an attempt to define themselves as special’ in relation to their more conscientious elder siblings and agreeable younger siblings.
rewarding (adj.) – xứng đáng	I suppose the relationship I’ve found most difficult – but ultimately most rewarding* – has been my relationship with my younger brother.*
self-absorbed (adj.) – chỉ quan tâm đến bản thân	Henry is so self-absorbed* it’s a miracle anyone bothers with him at all.*
self-assured (adj.) – tự tin	The interview showed her as a self-assured and mature student.
self-centred (adj.) – tự cho mình là trung tâm	The self-centered* man almost never admitted that he was wrong or made mistakes.*
self-congratulatory (adj.) – tự khen	The winners gave themselves a self-congratulatory* round of applause.*
self-deprecating (adj.) – tự ti	Although he is always self-deprecating, he is a lawyer of considerable experience.
self-important (adj.) – tự cao	I look at these very serious, self-important* people, and I just don’t want to be like that.*
significant (adj.) – quan trọng	Today, tattoos are routinely seen on rock musicians, sports stars and other public figures who play a significant* role in setting the culture’s behaviour patterns.*
tactful (adj.) – lịch thiệp	They are tactful* and attend to the face wants of their friends and themselves.*
tolerant (adj.) – kiên nhẫn; khoan dung	If people were more tolerant* of each other, then there would be less fighting.*
well-adjusted (adj.) – thích nghi tốt, biết tự điều chỉnh	The school aims to produce well-adjusted* members of society.*
well-bred (adj.) – có giáo dục	She was too well-bred* to want to hurt the little boy’s feelings.*
well-brought-up (adj.) – được nuôi dạy tốt	Despite the family’s problems, the children were well brought up.
well-dressed (adj.) – ăn diện	Here is a well-dressed* young man coming along the road with a large parcel.*
express (v.) – bày tỏ, bộc lộ	By the age of two or three. the infant has reached the toddler stage. He has learned to take turns in games and spontaneously expresses affection.

3. Từ vựng Con người và các mối quan hệ

Từ + Nghĩa	Ví dụ
background (n.) – gia cảnh, bối cảnh gia đình	Our pupils came from a range of local, national, and international backgrounds.
bond (n.) – mối quan hệ (ràng buộc)	We used to fight a lot when we were growing up but there’s a really close bond* between us now.*
brotherhood (n.) – tình bằng hữu và sự trung thành	The more man knows of man, the better for the common brotherhood* among us all.*
conflict (n.) – mâu thuẫn	When used appropriately, understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict* on teams.*
connection (n.) – sự kết nối	I have established a close connection* with an older member of my family.*
fatherhood (n.) – sự làm cha	Fatherhood can develop many positive streaks in modern children.
friendship (n.) – tình bạn	When early friendships* are successful, young children get the chance to master sophisticated social and emotional skills, even more than they do with a parent.*
honeymoon (n.) – tuần trăng mật	After the festivities are over, the two sisters are dragged to their bedrooms and prepared by giggling bridesmaids for the first night of their honeymoons.
interaction (n.) – sự tương tác; sự ảnh hưởng lẫn nhau	Children who as preschoolers were able to coordinate play with a friend, manage conflicts, and keep an interaction* positive in tone.*
motherhood (n.) – sự làm mẹ	In order to secure support for their children, past women needed to present marriage and motherhood* as public, not merely private concerns.*
parents (n.) – cha mẹ	When parents* relate to a child, they do a lot of the work, figuring out what the child needs and then accommodating those needs.*
peers (n.) – người ngang hàng, người cùng địa vị, người đồng trang lứa	Socially and emotionally, teens worry that they may not be developing at the same rate as their peers.
relations (n.) – mối tương quan, liên hệ	Relations between the two countries steadily deteriorated.
relationship (n.) – mối quan hệ	Children who experience a rewarding friendship before the birth of a sibling are likely to have a better relationship* with that brother or sister chat endures throughout their childhood.*
relative (n.) – họ hàng	Sundry distant relatives, most of whom I hardly recognized, turned up for my brother’s wedding.
sibling (n.) – anh chị em	Children who had a positive relationship with a best friend before the birth of a sibling* ultimately had a good relationship with their sibling that lasted throughout adolescence.*
close (adj.) – gần gũi, thân thiết	There is a very close bond between a mother and a newborn baby.
close-knit (adj.) – gắn bó	We’re a very close-knit* family. Even though we don’t live together any more, the family ties are still very strong.*
maternal (adj.) – (thuộc) mẹ; của mẹ; về phía mẹ; bên ngoại	I think I have a very strong maternal* instinct because I love taking care of small children.*
parental (adj.) – (thuộc) cha mẹ	A baby by the end of the first year will enjoy imitating people and will also test parental* responses to his behaviour.*
interact (v.) – ảnh hưởng lẫn nhau, tác động	You can tell a lot by the way members of a family interact with each other.
relate (v.) – liên quan đến	When parents relate to a child, they do a lot of the work, figuring out what the child needs and then accommodating those needs.
satisfy (v.) – làm hài lòng, thỏa mãn	Curiosity is an important human trait, and many academic subjects allow people to satisfy* this need.*
inherit (v.) – kế thừa	Luckily, I inherited* my father’s mathematical brain.*

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