200+ từ vựng chủ đề Nature and The Environment thông dụng cho kì thi IELTS

1. Từ vựng về các sinh vật trong môi trường tự nhiên

animal kingdom (n.) – giới động vật	Chimpanzees are one of the closest human relatives in the animal kingdom.
biodiversity (n.) – đa dạng sinh học	As tropical deforestation continues, young secondary forests assume increasing importance as a reservoir of biodiversity.
cattle (n.) – gia súc	Scientists have warned that the use of growth hormones to make cattle* grow more quickly may result in a health risk for consumers.*
colony (n.) – bầy, đàn, tập đoàn	Even with half a million ants, a colony* functions just fine with no management at all, at least none that we would recognise.*
creature (n.) – sinh vật	All through the gardens and fences is a network of pathways and holes installed just for the ancient, spiny creatures.
demise (n.) – sự chết, qua đời	Extinction is part of evolution. It was the demise* of the dinosaurs that let mammals flourish, and humans emerge.*
ecology (n.) – sinh thái học	Richard Lenski, professor of microbial ecology* at Michigan State University, said the fight against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria could be helped by the discovery.*
ecosystem (n.) – hệ sinh thái	Although desert plants have adapted for their own survival, they also help protect their ecosystem* by stabilizing sand dunes.*
evolution (n.) – sự tiến hóa	Thus, culture and all aspects of it are basically products of natural selection and, more specifically, the evolution* of the human mind.*
extinction (n.) – sự tuyệt chủng	But with an estimated 130 species disappearing each day, the world is on the brink of another mass extinction* that could rival the one that saw the dinosaurs disappear.*
fauna (n.) – hệ động vật	Farming is threatening to destroy the soil and native flora and fauna* over vast areas of Australia.*
flora (n.) – hệ thực vật	The flora* of the survey area was not rich in species; less than 70 species of uncultivated plants were recorded.*
food chain (n.) – chuỗi thức ăn	The chemicals enter our food chain, moving from fish to mammals to us.
fungus (n.) – nấm	A large plant was defoliated by an unidentified fungus* in the early 1993 rainy season.*
genetics (n.) – di truyền học	Biology was next, with genome sequencing throwing up so much data that genetics* has turned partly into an information science.*
herbivore (n.) – động vật ăn cỏ	Since other herbivores* determine to a large extent the availability of grasses, they are likely to influence the decision of elephants to feed on browse.*
herd (n.) – bầy, đàn (vật nuôi)	This type of camouflage works well for animals that travel in herds.
insect (n.) – côn trùng	Meerkats feed mainly on insects, spiders and snails, but their diet occasionally includes small rodents, lizards and the roots of certain plants.
lifespan (n.) – vòng đời	Scientists are convinced that, because crocodiles have such a long lifespan, they must have a natural ability to combat infection.
mammal (n.) – động vật có vú	The cane toad did not eat the cane beetle and the toad population spread rapidly leading to the decline of native species of mammals* and reptiles.*
pack (n.) – đàn, bầy (thú đi săn: chó săn, chó sói…)	Wolves use body language to convey the rules of the pack.
parasite (n.) – động, thực vật ký sinh	The older drugs didn’t deal effectively with the malaria parasite.
pet (n.) – thú cưng	I’ve always wanted to be a vet. But City vets really only dear with pets* and I wanted to work with larger farm animals.*
petal (n.) – cánh hoa	The female flower has five, thick and leathery orange/red petals* that open to up to one meter in diameter.*
predator (n.) – kẻ săn mồi	The first method involved introducing a predator* that would control pests by eating them.*
prey (n.) – con mồi	Meerkats will even tackle dangerous prey* such as scorpions and snakes.*
scent (n.) – mùi	Hedgehogs do approach each other and can detect the presence of others by their scent.
species (n.) – loài	What amino acids are present and the order they are in vary in different species* of moths and therefore give a clue to the place where the silk was made.*
swarm (n.) – đàn, đám, bầy (côn trùng)	To find out, Seeley’s team applied paint dots and tiny plastic tags to all 4,000 bees in cach of several swarms* that they ferried to Appledore Island.*
threat (n.) – mối đe dọa	All hedgehogs also share the same defence mechanism: they retract their vulnerable parts into a quill-covered ball, using special skin down their sides and over their heads and feet. Any perceived threat can make them roll up.
vegetation (n.) – thực vật, cây cối	In terms of its natural environment, the meerkat avoids woodland and dense vegetation.
vermin (n.) – vật hại, sâu hại	Ironically, for centuries the English considered hedgehogs as vermin.
weed (n.) – cỏ dại	Committee members spend the last Saturday of each month at a different city park, picking up trash, repairing equipment, pulling weeds, and planting flowers.
wildlife (n.) – động vật hoang dã; sinh vật hoang dã	Pesticides may help control pests but they are also harmful to local wildlife.
domesticated (adj.) – được thuần hóa	Veterinarians trying to understand gum disease in domesticated* hedgehogs have concluded that the varied diet of wild hedgehogs gives them more than nutrition.*
endangered (adj.) – gặp nguy hiểm	I honestly think we should do a lot more because it’s vital for us to try to reduce the number of animals that are endangered.
extinct (adj.) – tuyệt chủng	The largest dragonfly fossil ever found belongs to the extinct* meganeura monyi, which lived 300 million years ago and had a wingspan of 75 centimeters.*
live (adj.) – sống, còn sống	Probiotics are live* bacteria and yeasts promoted as having various health benefits.*
nocturnal (adj.) – (thuộc) đêm; về đêm	Nocturnal migrants, those species that travel at night, seem to take their navigational cues from the stars.
rare (adj.) – hiếm	Wildlife researchers have watched the hedgehogs reduce the numbers of rare* ground-nesting wading birds by feasting on their eggs.*
resistant (adj.) – có sức chịu đựng	Some fear that insects may become resistant* to these new crops and therefore become even more difficult to control.*
shallow (adj.) – nông	Rising sea temperatures have led to an effect called coral bleaching, that is, large numbers of corals dying off, especially in the shallower* areas of the reef.*
venomous (adj.) – có nọc, tiết ra nọc độc (rắn, bò cạp..)	The Florida cottonmouth snake, which is also known as the water moccasin, has venomous* fangs.*
vulnerable (adj.) – dễ bị tổn thương	Since the introduction of the cat, the fox and the rabbit from Europe, 19 species of native animals have become extinct and a further 250 species are considered to be vulnerable.
adapt (v.) – thích nghi	Some species live in urban areas, adapting* well to living in close proximity to humans.*
breed (v.) – sinh sản	This form of migration allows birds to breed* in areas that provide optimal conditions for nesting and feeding their young.*
evolve (v.) – tiến hóa	Plants have evolved* a variety of methods to entice pollinators to do their work.*
forage (v.) – kiếm ăn	Studies have helped make clear that hedgehogs are good for gardens, eating vast numbers of slugs and other pests as they forage* in the vegetation at night.*
hibernate (v.) – ngủ đông	Some species hibernate* through cold winters in the north.*
lay (v.) – đẻ trứng	One key to an ant colony is that no one’s in charge. No generals command ant warriors. No managers boss ant workers. The queen plays no role except to lay* eggs.*
thrive (v.) – lớn nhanh, mau lớn, phát triển mạnh	Not indigenous to North America, the European honeybees nonetheless thrived* and often escaped into the wild.*

2. Từ vựng về môi trường sống tự nhiên và địa hình

coast (n.) – bờ biển	Thousands of day trippers flock to resorts on the south coast.
current (n.) – dòng (nước); luồng (gió, không khí)	The ocean currents* of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.*
depth (n.) – độ sâu	As less surface water, which is full of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, siphons into the depths of the ocean, less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere, thus increasing global warming
glacier (n.) – sông băng	The largest glaciers* in the world are found in the polar ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland.*
habitat (n.) – môi trường sống	Such a large volume of travellers every year can cause environmental problems to fragile habitats* and historical sites.*
burrow (n.) – hang	At night, the meerkat retires to a network of burrows, which it digs with its powerful forelegs.
den (n.) – hang thú dữ	The bears will spend most of the winter in their den.
hive (n.) – bầy, tổ (ong)	Many of the early settlers brought honeybee hives* with them from Europe.*
jungle (n.) – rừng nhiệt đới	He spent a year in the jungle, observing how deforestation is affecting local tribes.
moisture (n.) – hơi ẩm	As the air rises it becomes colder and moisture* condenses out of it.*
Mother Nature (n.) – Mẹ Thiên nhiên	It is better to try to work with, rather than against, Mother Nature.
seaside (n.) – bờ biển	There are extra trains to the seaside* during the summer.*
shore (n.) – bờ biển, hồ, sông	Over the past few years, we’ve been involved in conducting research on an area of the USA known as Lake Coeur D’Alene. Now, long ago, our ancestors came to these shores* from Europe.*
soil (n.) – đất	The use of heavy machinery like tractors can compact the soil.
stream (n.) – dòng suối	Damselflies are not such strong fliers and are most often seen around the edges of ponds and streams* since they do not normally fly far from the water.*
waterfall (n.) – thác nước	Birch-bark canoes were lightweight and thus easily portaged around waterfalls* or from lake to lake.*
woodland (n.) – vùng rừng	Chemicals released into the air can cause both the smog that clouds our cities and the acid rain that can devastate woodland.
aquatic (adj.) – sống ở nước, mọc ở nước	Some species lay their eggs on the stem of an aquatic* plant.*
marine (adj.) – (thuộc) biển, dưới nước	The oil spill has caused irreparable damage to several marine* species.*
native (adj.) – (thuộc) địa phương, bản địa	The 14 known species are native* to Africa and parts of Asia as well as Europe.*
non-native (adj.) – du nhập	Threats such as habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive non-native* species, disease and climate change are on the rise.*
natural (adj.) – (thuộc) tự nhiên, thiên nhiên	With no natural* enemies there, a few hedgehogs soon turned into thousands.*
pristine (adj.) – còn mới nguyên; như mới	In order to attract more tourists, areas that were once pristine* are suddenly filled with luxury hotels and resorts.*
terrestrial (adj.) – (thuộc) đất; ở trên mặt đất, sống trên mặt đất	Many life forms – both terrestrial* and aquatic – are becoming endangered as forests vanish.*
tropical (adj.) – nhiệt đới	*Tropical* forests are now believed to be more vulnerable to drought.
wild (adj.) – hoang dã	Conservationists have been warning that palm oil production poses a dire threat to the dwindling population of orang-utans, for example, which exist only in the wild* in Borneo and Sumatra.*

3. Từ vựng về hiện tượng tự nhiên và thiên tai

aftershock (n.) – dư chấn	The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks.
catastrophe (n.) – thảm họa	To prevent a catastrophe* of global proportions, we need to find a way to reach a compromise between meeting our energy needs and living in an environmentally sustainable way.*
decline (n.) – sự suy tàn	The cane toad did not eat the cane beetle and the toad population spread rapidly leading to the decline* of native species of mammals and reptiles.*
devastation (n.) – sự tàn phá	Major rivers have flooded areas in a matter of days, and volcanoes have erupted, causing mass devastation.
disaster (n.) – thảm họa	Though there is little debate that catastrophic events caused the mass extinction of several of Earth’s species, namely the dinosaurs, geologists still question whether asteroids, volcanoes, or other natural disasters were the cause.
drought (n.) – hạn hán	The torrential storm last night seems to be part of a pattern – a similar storm occurred two years ago following a severe drought.
flood (n.) – lũ lụt	Hurricanes have heavy rains and are therefore more likely to cause floods.
flooding (n.) – sự ngập lụt	With only a few wispy roots in the upper soil, it is unaffected by occasional flooding.
heatwave (n.) – sóng nhiệt	That heatwave* lasted five to six weeks, and the deaths came over a period of five to six weeks.*
hurricane (n.) – bão	In September 1813, a major hurricane* destroyed US gunboats and ships that were defending St Mary’s, Georgia, from the British.*
puddle (n.) – vũng nước nhỏ (mưa…)	The floor was covered with gravel to control weeds and prevent puddles* during the rainy season.*
tide (n.) – thủy triều	The tide* comes in very quickly here and you can soon find yourself stranded.*
tremor (n.) – cơn động đất nhẹ, cơn chấn động	According to this theory, the Earth’s surface is broken into many pieces that can move against each other, causing tremors* at the Earth’s surface.*
typhoon (n.) – bão nhiệt đới, bão cuồng phong	Hurricanes and typhoons* are both violent storms that develop over water.*
arid (adj.) – khô cằn	In some cases, ancient textiles survived well because they’d spent centuries in arid, freezing or low-oxygen environments.
catastrophic (adj.) – thảm khốc	When farmers tried to eliminate the cane beetle by introducing the South American cane toad, the results were catastrophic.
freezing (adj.) – đóng băng	People are capable of living in a wide range of environments, from the hot deserts of Africa and the Middle East to the freezing* cold of Siberia or Northern Canada.*
heavy metal (n.) – kim loại nặng	They’re creating a tree that can soak up contaminants like heavy* metals right out of the soil.*
semi-arid (adj.) – nửa khô hạn	The meerkat is found exclusively on the semi-arid* plains of southern Africa.*
severe (adj.) – khắc nghiệt	The severity of severe* weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons may have been underestimated in the past.*
torrential (adj.) – chảy xiết, cuồn cuộn, xối xả	Torrential rain helped to disperse the large crowd, estimated at 150,000.
evaporate (v.) – làm bay hơi	Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating* water from their leaves.*
flow (v.) – chảy	Deeper forces inside the Earth’s core heat this magma and cause it to flow* underneath the plates, pushing the plates.*
recede (v.) – rút xuống (thủy triều, nước…)	When the tide recedes, the rays separate and withdraw to shelters on the reef.
mudslide (n.) – lũ bùn đá	These countries were affected by torrential rainfall, in some cases, without precedent, extensive flooding, landslips and mudslides.
lava (n.) – dung nham	Molten lava* spilled into the sea and exploded in glassy droplets.*

4. Từ vựng về các tác động của con người lên môi trường

agriculture (n.) – nông nghiệp	Certain human activities also have a negative impact on agriculture.
bottled water (n.) – nước đóng chai, nước suối	For some cities with water connections, households take a variety of defensive actions, such as buying bottled water* and using electronic filter systems.*
cage (n.) – cái lồng, chuồng	Zoos should try to re-create the animals’ natural habitat rather than keeping them in cages.
crop (n.) – mùa màng	The destruction of food crops* can result from both a lack or a surfeit of water.*
desalination (n.) – sự tách muối	If we choose the desalination of seawater as a possible solution, large amounts of energy will be required.
disposal (n.) – sự vứt bỏ đi	The treatment and disposal* of domestic waste became a problem of the first order.*
draft (n.) – bản phác thảo	Their vessel of choice was the “knar,” a cargo ship with a deep draft* and wide hull.*
effect (n.) – ảnh hưởng, tác động	To make accurate predictions, we need to take into account the effect* people have on their environment.*
farm (n.) – nông trại	Farms were attacked by a swarm of locusts that damaged crops in the area.
farming (n.) – việc đồng áng	Firstly, farming* practices themselves can be damaging.*
fertilizer (n.) – phân bón	No reduction in chemical fertilizer* use for potatoes and silage corn was observed and increased crop yields were unlikely.*
impact (n.) – sự ảnh hưởng, tác động	I think everyone in my country is so aware of the impact we’re having on the environment that I think it is conceivable that we’ll have solved the problem soon.
issue (n.) – vấn đề	Educating the public about issues* of pollution and decreasing oil reserves may persuade more people to consider electric cars.*
mineral water (n.) – nước khoáng	Some producers of mineral water* have made fat profits.*
pesticide (n.) – thuốc trừ sâu	Since the birth of agriculture, farmers have tried to avoid using pesticides* by employing various biological methods to control nature.*
repercussion (n.) – ảnh hưởng, tác động	It remains to be seen whether this controversial method will have any long-term repercussions, particularly in regard to the ecological balance of the environment where they are grown.
active (adj.) – tích cực	As a species, we humans appear to have a much more active* attitude toward our environment than any other species.*
annual (adj.) – hàng năm	However, there are environmental and social costs and other risks of relying on tourism as a major source of annual* income.*
appalling (adj.) – kinh khủng	But I think it’s perfectly acceptable to keep chickens in cages to provide us with eggs, though a friend of mine thinks it’s appalling.
current (adj.) – gần đây	Clearly, our current* lifestyle is not sustainable.*
dense (adj.) – dày đặc	Because fresh water is not as dense* as salt water, it does not sink, which impairs the natural mechanism for forming the chimneys.*
devastating (adj.) – tàn phá, phá hủy	There would be little time to prepare for the devastating* changes resulting from the weakening of the Gulf Stream.*
disastrous (adj.) – tai hại, thảm khốc	Other introduced species have proved similarly disastrous* among native Australian animals.*
drinkable (adj.) – uống được	There is a major difference between adding substances to the water to make it drinkable* and adding substances for any other reason.*
futile (adj.) – vô ích, không có hiệu quả	Several futile* attempts have been made to draw conclusions as to the intelligence of various birds.*
genetically-modified (adj.) – biến đổi gen	Some farmers believe that growing fruit and vegetables that are genetically-modified* is a way to eradicate pests and improve the quality of their produce.*
hypocritical (adj.) – đạo đức giả, giả nhân giả nghĩa	I’m not a vegetarian so I think it would be hypocritical* of me to insist on the rights of animals.*
liable (adj.) – có trách nhiệm pháp lý	There are a lot of great cleaning products now that are eco-friendly and I think governments are liable* to start putting pressure on manufacturers to produce more products like these.*
negative (adj.) – tiêu cực	Tourism has increased so much over the last 50 years that it is having a mainly negative* impact on local inhabitants and the environment.*
questionable (adj.) – đáng ngờ, có vấn đề	I think it’s improbable that everyone will abandon the chemicals we’re using now. So many people have been using them for years and it’s questionable whether they will be able to convince everyone to stop.
risky (adj.) – liều, mạo hiểm	Predicting the weather is a risky* business for farmers.*
taxing (adj.) – gây mệt mỏi	We are confronting environmental problems that are more taxing* than ever before, some of them seemingly insoluble.*
tedious (adj.) – chán ngắt, buồn tẻ	Most work is useless and tedious, making unnecessary new products and services which waste resources and generate pollution.
urban (adj.) – (thuộc) thành thị	Up until 1900 most urban* areas relied on private contractors for waste disposal, who operated only with the minimum of environmental regulation.*
cause (v.) – gây ra	Once the storms had passed, they looked towards the volcano and wondered if that might erupt and cause* even more damage.*
consider (v.) – coi là, cho là	The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers* many textile manufacturing facilities to be hazardous waste generators.*
cultivate (v.) – cày cấy, trồng trọt	The tomato originated in the highlands of Peru. From there, it eventually found its way to Mexico, where it was cultivated* by the Aztecs.*
escape (v.) – trốn thoát	The air is very crisp up here as well, so a lot of people come up here to escape* the heat in the city.*
feed (v.) – cho ăn; ăn	Meerkats feed* mainly on insects, spiders and snails, but their diet occasionally includes small rodents, lizards and the roots of certain plants.*
introduce (v.) – du nhập	There are three main hypotheses for the success of species that are introduced* relative to where they are native.*

5. Từ vựng về sự ô nhiễm môi trường

acid rain (n.) – mưa axit	Clearly, a long-term viable solution that does not produce acid rain* and is not damaging to the environment is needed.*
challenge (n.) – thách thức	Climate change is arguably the greatest environmental challenge* facing our planet with increased storms, floods and species losses predicted.*
climate (n.) – khí hậu	Changes in our climate* bring about higher temperatures which in turn inevitably result in reduced yields of desirable crops.*
climate change (n.) – biến đổi khí hậu	*Climate change* also produces more extreme weather patterns.
contamination (n.) – sự làm bẩn, làm ô uế	This contamination* in turn affects our rivers and waterways and damages life there.*
deforestation (n.) – sự chặt phá rừng	*Deforestatio*n is one of the main causes of soil degradation in the world today.
degradation (n.) – sự thoái hóa	There is a high risk of dramatic biodiversity loss and accompanying degradation* of a broad range of ecosystem services if the Earth’s system is pushed beyond a certain threshold.*
emission (n.) – khí thải; sự thải ra	The best evidence indicates that we need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions* by 70 percent by 2050.*
environment (n.) – môi trường	Nevertheless, it is not too early to ponder what impact the widespread adoption of biofuels would have on our environment.
erosion (n.) – sự xói mòn	As a result, the earth dries out, causing soil erosion, and our crop yields decline, meaning new sources of water need to be sought.
fumes (n.) – khí (thải) có mùi	It’s the fumes* cars produce that cause greenhouse gases.*
greenhouse gas (n.) – khí nhà kính	These recommendations, however, address the symptoms of global warming, not the root cause: the generation of greenhouse gases.
pollutant (n.) – chất gây ô nhiễm	Cutting down trees keeps pollutants* airborne, where they can mix with water vapor and form acid rain.*
pollution (n.) – sự ô nhiễm	Many of the Earth’s crises are chronic and inexorably linked. Pollution* is an obvious example of this affecting our air, water and soil.*
predicament (n.) – tình thế khó khăn	I doubt that recycling alone can get us out of our current predicament.
strain (n.) – áp lực	Our way of life is putting an unprecedented strain* on the Earth’s ecosystems and threatening our future as a species.*
waste (n.) – chất thải, rác rưởi	After 1800, industrialisation, urbanisation and population growth would see the emergence of a new problem — waste* — and give a new significance to recycling.*
contaminated (adj.) – nhiễm độc	The soil is contaminated* by factories and power stations which can leave heavy metals in the soil.*
immune (adj.) – tránh khỏi	Affected species include the polar bear, so not even the Arctic is immune.
improbable (adj.) – không chắc xảy ra hoặc là đúng	I think it’s improbable* that everyone will abandon the chemicals we’re using now.*
irreparable (adj.) – không sửa chữa được	Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable* damage will be done to the coastline.*
irreplaceable (adj.) – không thể thay thế được	These species are irreplaceable. Once they are lost our ecosystem will be changed.
irreversible (adj.) – không thay đổi được; không thể trở về như cũ	Scientists believe that the damage to this area is irreversible.
life-threatening (adj.) – đe dọa đến sự sống	There is an urgent need to find a way of life that is less damaging to the Earth. This is not easy, but it is vital because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.
toxic (adj.) – độc	On the other hand, farmers usually only spray their fields once or twice per year but these new plants would be toxic* all year round.*
widespread (adj.) – lan rộng, rộng khắp	Having evolved 45 million years ago and remaining virtually unchanged in North America for at least ten million years, shrews are some of the world’s most ancient and widespread* mammals.*
inevitably (adv.) – không thể tránh khỏi	Changes in our climate bring about higher temperatures which in turn inevitably* result in reduced yields of desirable crops.*
inexorably (adv.) – không thể ngăn cản được	The bacteria spread inexorably* through many insect populations.*
contaminate (v.) – làm bẩn; làm nhiễm độc	Much of the coast has been contaminated* by nuclear waste.*
disappear (v.) – biến mất	We must try to protect endangered animals, otherwise when a species disappears* the whole ecosystem is affected.*
dump (v.) – vứt bừa bãi	People who dump* chemical waste into our waterways are very irresponsible.*
eradicate (v.) – trừ tiệt, nhổ gốc rễ	The Cactoblastis moth larvae were introduced to help control the situation and within ten years, the prickly pear was virtually eradicated.
exacerbate (v.) – làm trầm trọng	Methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. This thawing ground has the potential to significantly exacerbate* climate change.*
poach (v.) – săn trộm	The elephants are poached* for their tusks.*
sink (v.) – chìm xuống	After the Gulf Stream reaches southeast Greenland and western Iceland, much of the heat of the stream is gone, and the colder, denser water then sinks.
threaten (v.) – đe dọa	Unfortunately, this wondrous area of the world is threatened* by climate change.*
tolerate (v.) – chịu đựng	That means that they are probably not migratory birds but live in the region all year. They can tolerate* the winter weather in that area.*
worsen (v.) – xấu hơn, tệ hơn	The problem of warming then worsens: As less surface water, which is full of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, siphons into the depths of the ocean, less carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere, thus increasing global warming.

6. Từ vựng về bảo tồn thiên nhiên

conservation (n.) – sự bảo tồn	Generally speaking, people still prefer traditional architecture and the government has promoted the conservation* of historic buildings.*
conservationist (n.) – nhà bảo tồn	Britain’s conservationists* who have countered with strategies to relocate the animals.*
target (n.) – mục tiêu	Stricter emissions targets* should be set and use of alternative sources of energy encouraged.*
achievable (adj.) – có thể đạt được	They’re a viable alternative to petrol-driven cars, so getting rid of pollution is definitely achievable.
advantageous (adj.) – có lợi	The more educated people are, the more advantageous* it is for the environment.*
conceivable (adj.) – có thể tin được; có thể tưởng tượng được	I think everyone in my country is so aware of the impact we’re having on the environment that I think it is conceivable* that we’ll have solved the problem soon.*
conceptual (adj.) – thuộc quan niệm, thuộc nhận thức	Ecotourism has gone beyond the conceptual* stage to become something that many people have put into practice.*
effective (adj.) – hiệu quả	Reducing our use of paper might be the most effective* action of all.*
environmental (adj.) – (thuộc) môi trường	Our environmental* problems are so great now that it’s unfeasible to imagine that we could solve all our pollution problems so quickly.*
environmentally-friendly (adj.) – thân thiện với môi trường	They use environmentally-friendly* fabrics in their clothing made from recycled plastic bottles.*
feasible (adj.) – khả thi, có thể thực hiện được	It’s quite feasible* that we’ll all be driving electric cars.*
recyclable (adj.) – tái chế được	We can make sure we don’t throw recyclable* items into our normal waste disposal bins.*
stable (adj.) – ổn định	The least stable* section of this global current is in the North Atlantic.*
sustainable (adj.) – bền vững	Sustainable development consists in exploiting our natural resources without destroying them.
unattainable (adj.) – không thể đạt được	The state of California has some of the most stringent environmental standards, many of which are currently unattainable* with conventionally fueled vehicles.*
unlikely (adj.) – không thể xảy ra	It is unlikely* we will abandon our cars in large enough numbers to resolve this problem.*
unspoilt (adj.) – chưa bị phá hoại	It is possible that the unspoilt* nature of the island means there is little in the way of entertainment.*
worthwhile (adj.) – xứng đáng	Anything we do to raise awareness of these issues is very worthwhile.
outweigh (v.) – có nhiều giá trị, tác dụng hơn; có nhiều ảnh hưởng hơn	In my view, the benefits of tourism far outweigh the drawbacks, and many of these countries would not have survived without the tourist industry.
overcome (v.) – vượt qua	We could overcome* the difficulties raised by this issue if all governments agree to limit emissions of harmful gases.*
preserve (v.) – bảo quản	To protect the natural environment and preserve* the ruins, no more than 500 people a day are allowed to enter the trail.*
reduce (v.) – giảm; hạ bớt	To reduce the impact that greenhouse gases have on our environment, we should plant more trees.
sow (v.) – gieo hạt	Broad beans that were sown* in the previous autumn will be ready first.*
survive (v.) – sống sót	Unless we transform the way we live, we’re unlikely to survive* into the next millennium.*

Trên đây là những từ vựng thông dụng thuộc chủ đề Nature and The Environment cho kì thi IELTS. Đây là một trong những chủ đề bạn có thể gặp rất nhiều trong bài thi, do đó hãy cố gắng trau dồi từ vựng của chủ đề này thường xuyên nhé. Bạn có thể xem thêm nhiều từ vựng thông dụng cho các chủ đề khác của kì thi IELTS ở bài viết tổng hợp 18 chủ đề từ vựng thường gặp do azVocab tổng hợp.

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