100+ từ vựng chủ đề Places and buildings thông dụng cho kì thi IELTS

1. Từ vựng về vật liệu xây dựng

brick (n.) – gạch	I live in a two-storey house. It’s a very conventional brick* building and it’s typical of the area where I live.*
concrete (n.) – bê tông	The design is ultra-modern, so there’s a lot of glass and concrete* and steel – and not a lot of wood to be seen.*
gadget (n.) – dụng cụ	Chances are it will be the Otis Elevator Company. It was Elisha Otis who invented the gadget* that made the modern passenger lift possible.*
log (n.) – gỗ	The road was blocked by fallen logs.
marble (n.) – đá hoa, cẩm thạch	All material objects age; paper and silk discolor and turn brittle; painted surfaces crack and pigments darken or fade; even materials as durable as marble and bronze will change color and texture after prolonged contact with the elements.
quarry (n.) – hố vật liệu xây dựng	Just about all the buildings in this area were built from timber and stone from the local quarry.
steel (n.) – thép	I like the way glass and steel* can be used to create light airy spaces.*
tile (n.) – ngói	The red tiles* have fallen off and fall off the facades of the three university buildings.*
timber (n.) – gỗ (xây dựng, kiến trúc, làm mộc)	It was a brick house fronted on three sides with timber.
disposable (adj.) – dùng một lần (dùng xong rồi vứt)	One magazine predicted that disposable* plates would be used.*
mass-produced (adj.) – sản xuất số lượng lớn	A lower-cost, mass-produced, fuel-cell powered car will get the public to embrace the technology.

2. Từ vựng về hoạt động xây dựng

construction (n.) – sự xây dựng	President George Washington oversaw the original construction, which began on October 13, 1792.
garbage collection (n.) – việc thu gom rác	An efficient sewage system and frequent garbage collection* are both essential to maintaining sanitation in densely populated areas.*
sewage system (n.) – hệ thống xử lý nước thải	An efficient sewage system and frequent garbage collection are both essential to maintaining sanitation in densely populated areas.
solution (n.) – giải pháp	However, the last years of the century saw a solution* to the apparently insoluble problem of what to do with the refuse of Britain’s cities.*
tolerance (n.) – dung sai kĩ thuật	The tolerances* used on the site are limits of variation indicated in a dimension, a lot, a construction limit, or the physical characteristics of a material.*
overworked (adj.) – làm việc quá nhiều	As has been widely reported, there is a wide-range shortage of skilled construction workers. As such, those who are employed are overworked* and facing increased pressure to work overtime.*
prefabricated (adj.) – làm theo từng phần	The second conception was that of the mass-produced, prefabricated* house, a dwelling potentially available to every North American.*
rough (adj.) – gồ ghề	The exception is in the mountainous areas in the west, where the roads are comparatively rough* and narrow.*
run-down (adj.) – xuống cấp	The office building was rundown, so the rents were low.
safe (adj.) – an toàn	Having said that, our children have a lot more freedom here because it’s a really safe* environment for them.*
automate (v.) – tự động hóa	In the 1800s, automated* power looms and stocking frames were introduced, radically changing the traditional work system.*
build (v.) – xây dựng	It says that they’re planning to build large-scale solar farms in Africa.
collapse (v.) – sụp đổ	Inspectors ordered a full renovation of the White House after the building almost collapsed* while a balcony was being added for Harry Truman in the late 1940s.*
condemn (v.) – loại bỏ	No one has been allowed to occupy the building since it was condemned.
construct (v.) – xây dựng	Our bodies and minds not only adapt to the surrounding world, but we actively shape and construct our environment to better suit our needs.
demolish (v.) – phá hủy	Age-old stone remains can be worn away and traditional buildings demolished in favour of bland international hotels.
haul (v.) – kéo lê	Louis XV of France disliked stairs so much that he was regularly hoisted skywards in a ‘flying chair’ by several strong men hauling* on rope.*
hoist (v.) – nhấc lên (bằng cần trục, tời…)	A helicopter hoisted* the final section of the bridge into place.*
occupy (v.) – chiếm	They constructed a working model of the bridge, which occupied* an entire car park.*
overlook (v.) – bỏ qua	Until recently, these remains were usually overlooked* because they were frayed, discolored, or too fragile to withstand the rigors of analysis.*
reconstruct (v.) – dựng lại, tái thiết	The post-war government had the enormous task of reconstructing the city.
regulate (v.) – điều chỉnh; quy định	Since 1938, the federal government had strictly regulated* airline fares and routes.*
remedy (v.) – đền bù, bù đắp	If we wish to remedy* this situation, we must first ensure that there is sufficient affordable accommodation.*
replace (v.) – thay thế, thế chỗ	The Council plans to knock the library down and replace* it with a hotel complex.*
tackle (v.) – xử trí, giải quyết	To tackle* this problem, governments can reduce the impact of their overweight citizens by the careful use of taxation to fund alternatives to a sedentary lifestyle.*
transform (v.) – thay đổi, biến đổi	When Napoleon became emperor, he employed the best architects he knew to transform* Paris into a classical Roman capital.*

3. Từ vựng về công trình

balcony (n.) – ban công	My favourite spot is the balcony* – my building towers over everything else, so I can see for miles.*
basement (n.) – tầng hầm	Latrobe also created two terraces on the east and west sides of the building and installed a furnace that relied on kettles and pipes in the basement.
building (n.) – tòa nhà	At first, this mining was limited to the quarrying and shaping of local sandstone, which they used for the first buildings* at Sydney Cove.*
ceiling (n.) – trần nhà	What I like best about it are the ceilings. They’re quite ornate as they have lots of pretty details on them.
chalet (n.) – nhà gỗ nhỏ (ở trên núi)	We can provide top-quality chalets, hotels or apartments and any combination of the above activities.
concrete jungle (n.) – rừng nhà cao tầng	We all know of whole areas of towns where old houses have been replaced by a concrete jungle, with all the attendant social problems.
cottage (n.) – nhà gỗ nhỏ	I live in a cottage. It’s a single-storey building so the rooms are all on the same level.
elevator (n.) – thang máy	To reach the rooftop parking area, take the elevator* to the fourth floor, then follow the signs.*
frame (n.) – khung, móng (nhà)	At the 1854 World Trade fair in New York, Otis unveiled his invention and orders began to pour in, including one from the United States Assay Office which at that time was constructing one of the first buildings with an internal steel frame to support the exterior wall.
ground floor (n.) – tầng trệt	The ground floor of the Main Building is open to visitors. It contains exhibits explaining daily farm life in different periods of history.
high-rise (n.) – nhà cao tầng	She lives in a high-rise* overlooking the river.*
landmark (n.) – công trình, kiến trúc, tòa nhà chọc trời	The tunnel comes up at the Oriental Pearl radio and TV tower which is one of the most famous landmarks* in Shanghai.*
pillar (n.) – cột (bằng đá, gỗ..) để chống	A row of reinforced concrete pillars* supports the bridge.*
platform (n.) – nền, bục, bệ	In Otis’s time, warehouses commonly used moving platforms* to transport goods between floors.*
skyscraper (n.) – tòa nhà chọc trời	My city is famous for its skyscrapers, statues and fountains – but most of all for its shopping!
staircase (n.) – cầu thang	But my favourite feature is definitely the staircase. It curves around at the bottom and just seems to invite you to climb it.
storage (n.) – sự dự trữ; nhà kho	The Incas built a ceremonial city on the site that included palaces, temples, storage* rooms, baths, and houses.*
terrace (n.) – dãy nhà (gồm nhiều nhà nằm kề nhau tạo thành một khối)	It was a terrace* of stone cottages.*
terraced house (n.) – nhà liền kề	We rented a little terraced* house in South London.*
threshold (n.) – huyền quan	Stepping over the high threshold* and into the inner sanctuary, you can barely see because the room is dark and the air is thick with a mixture of smoke from the gas lamps and incense.*
veranda (n.) – hiên nhà, hè nhà	The children have arranged the chairs in a line facing out from the veranda.

4. Từ vựng về bất động sản và sự phát triển của đô thị

accommodation (n.) – chỗ ở	As soon as I arrived, I realised I didn’t know how to order the type of coffee I liked, and trying to find accommodation* was a nightmare.*
challenge (n.) – thách thức	The recently established Center for the Technical Study of Modern Art at Harvard has been got up to grapple with the distinctive challenges* posed by the art of the last century,*
compromise (n.) – sự thỏa hiệp	Finally, the members of the city council were able to reach a compromise* and the building work was allowed to start.*
developer (n.) – nhà môi giới bất động sản	The developers* refurbished the house inside and out.*
housing (n.) – nơi ở	Many rural migrants fail to find adequate work, and therefore cannot afford decent housing.
housing estate (n.) – bất động sản nhà ở	The developers build a school on the new housing estate.
infrastructure (n.) – cơ sở hạ tầng	Local infrastructure* can also fail to cope with large numbers of visitors leading to pollution and litter.*
town planning (n.) – quy hoạch đô thị	The municipality, through its town planning* policies, would colonize it and make it useful – but the fruit of the colony would be industrial, not agricultural.*
urban sprawl (n.) – sự lan rộng của đô thị	The fundamental aim of the green belt policy is to prevent urban sprawl.
urbanisation (n.) – sự đô thị hóa	After 1800, industrialisation, urbanisation* and population growth would see the emergence of a new problem – waste – and give a new significance to recycling.*
crowded (adj.) – đông đúc	I believe that crime will continue to rise, particularly in crowded* and overpopulated areas, unless we can find an effective way to address these issues*.
decent (adj.) – tươm tất, khá giả	Everyone should be entitled to a decent* standard of living.*
developing (adj.) – đang phát triển	In one study, two-thirds of subjects who experienced a stressful situation had nearly six times the risk of developing* depression within that month.*
double-edged (adj.) – hai lưỡi (vừa có lợi vừa có hại)	Globalisation is a double-edged* sword. It promotes multiculturalism while it erodes the local culture.*
dramatic (adj.) – tuyệt vời	With the mountains all around it’s a very dramatic* landscape and the view in front of me was breathtaking.*
drastic (adj.) – quyết liệt, mạnh mẽ	When it became clear that four-fifths of the city had been destroyed by the fire, drastic* measures were taken in London to create a system of organized fire prevention.*
insoluble (adj.) – không giải quyết được	The last years of the century saw a solution to the apparently insoluble* problem of what to do with the refuse of Britain’s cities.*
overpriced (adj.) – quá đắt	These shoes are very nice, but they’re really overpriced.
precarious (adj.) – bấp bênh	So a lot of the buildings seem really precarious, they’re sort of built into the mountainside and seem to just perch there.
vacant (adj.) – trống; bỏ không	The first one is the shop next door to my house. It’s been vacant for about a year now and falling into disrepair.
accommodate (v.) – ở; cho ở; chứa	It’s a small hotel that can accommodate* only about fifty guests.*
address (v.) – giải quyết; đề cập đến	When you visit a major online retailer, a screen often addresses* you by name and suggests that, based on your past purchases, you might want to buy certain books or CDs, selected just for you.*
rent (v.) – thuê	The old lady rented me her spare bedroom for £200 a week.
settle (v.) – ổn định cuộc sống, an cư lạc nghiệp	Nursing homes are very costly. Moreover, they often fail to provide adequate levels of care. Grown-up children frequently settle in other cities; hence, the elderly often find themselves without family nearby.
tackle (v.) – xử trí, giải quyết	To tackle* this problem, governments can reduce the impact of their overweight citizens by the careful use of taxation to fund alternatives to a sedentary lifestyle.*
booming (adj.) – phát triển, phồn vinh	If this were true, the entertainment industry should be booming.

5. Từ vựng về nơi chốn, địa điểm

admission (n.) – phí vào cửa	The government is committed to extending the principle of free admission* to our national museums and galleries.*
atlas (n.) – sách bản đồ	The maps deal with climate and emphasize special features relating to rainfall, winds, etc., which would riot be shown in an ordinary topographical atlas.
border (n.) – biên giới	The army crossed the border, ostensibly in pursuit of rebels.
capital (n.) – thủ đô	Though the architectural styles were borrowed from classical designs, each country added a unique flair in order to achieve a sense of nationalism in its capital.
cave (n.) – hang động	Fibre samples found in caves* in France had convinced scientists that textile production first arose about 15,000 years ago.*
district (n.) – quận	We’re close to all major bus lines and right next to the city’s business district.
harbour (n.) – bến, cảng	In the harbour, the boats bobbed gently up and down on the water.
immigrant (n.) – dân nhập cư	He argued that American cities as a whole could be seen as a patchwork of different villages in which non-urban immigrants attempted to shape the city to resemble the places in the old country that they had left behind.
inner city (n.) – nội thành	The plan will transform a depressed inner city* area into a community with a new sense of optimism.*
megacity (n.) – siêu đô thị	A megacity* is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of often million people.*
migrant (n.) – người di cư	New migrants* may feel that by changing to assimilate into their new community, they are losing some part of their individuality.*
neighbourhood (n.) – hàng xóm; vùng lân cận	Today, according to a more recent report, the majority want a crime-free neighbourhood, a back garden, and theatre or gallery within reach.
noise pollution (n.) – ô nhiễm tiếng ồn	All three cities are faced with various air, water, and noise pollution* pressures created by increasing populations, industrial production, and number of automobiles.*
nursery (n.) – nơi trông trẻ	The government and also the private sector should provide spaces where people can enjoy and recharge their life, for example, city parks, nursery* facilities, etc.*
outskirts (n.) – vùng ngoại ô	The problems caused by the increasing number of vehicles in cities are never-ending. One answer is to build more roads on the outskirts, this only results in more cars and lorries on the roads and so the problem continues.
overpopulation (n.) – sự quá đông dân	But hopes for a better life are often dashed as overpopulation* puts an enormous strain on the infrastructure of the cities.*
population (n.) – dân số	Some societies have birth rates that are already locking their populations* into absolute decline*.
province (n.) – tỉnh	He was born in China’s northwest Shanxi province* in 1950.*
residence (n.) – sự cư trú; nơi cư trú	James Hoban’s design was a near copy of a residence* in James Gibbs’s Book of Architecture, published in 1728.*
resident (n.) – cư dân	Harbor Park was built on land donated to the city by Captain Jones, a lifelong resident* of this city.*
slum (n.) – khu ổ chuột	In some megacities, up to 50 percent of the residents live in slums.
stadium (n.) – sân vận động	We have some great attractions nearby for visitors, as well as a huge sports stadium* and fantastic theme parks.*
suburb (n.) – vùng ngoại ô	The city center is surrounded by sprawling suburbs.
surroundings (n.) – vùng phụ cận, vùng xung quanh	Spending time in natural surroundings* is especially crucial now because, for the first time, a majority of the world’s population lives in cities.*
exotic (adj.) – ngoại lai; kỳ lạ	When people go travelling to far-flung places, they want to see something exotic, not the same icons they see all around them at home!
overpopulated (adj.) – quá đông dân; bùng nổ dân số	In many poor countries, overpopulated* slums have high rates of disease due to unsanitary conditions.*
suburban (adj.) – (thuộc) khu ngoại ô; trong khu ngoại ô	The building of the bridge accelerated development on the east side of the river, and now it’s a growing suburban* area with a lot of sprawl.*

6. Từ vựng về tới kiến trúc

architecture (n.) – kiến trúc	The first, indebted to modernist architecture, depicted the home of tomorrow as a futuristic architectural structure.
design (n.) – thiết kế	The architect put forward two alternative design* concepts for the new library.*
engineering (n.) – nghề kỹ sư	David Bayless, a professor of mechanical engineering* at Ohio University, has been working with scientists to engineer a device that can grow cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).*
innovation (n.) – sự cách tân	Far from being a recent innovation, recycling and reuse of household cast-offs have a long history.
insulation (n.) – sự cách nhiệt	The cable was made of 340,000 miles of copper and iron wire and three tons of gutta-percha insulation, too much for one ship to carry.
isolation (n.) – sự cô lập	He sometimes conferred with fellow aviation enthusiast Alexander Graham Bell in Nova Scotia, but for the most part, he worked in isolation.
layout (n.) – sự bố trí, bố cục; bản thiết kế	His house has three bedrooms and ours has four, but otherwise the layout* is much the same.*
structure (n.) – kiến trúc	The first, indebted to modernist architecture, depicted the home of tomorrow as a futuristic architectural structure.
adequate (adj.) – đủ; tương xứng	In most developed countries, the roads, power supply and communication facilities are adequate* for their needs.*
airy (adj.) – thông khí, thoáng khí	I think there are a lot of interesting buildings being built these days. I like the way glass and steel can be used to create light airy* spaces.*
basic (adj.) – cơ bản	The earliest form of sign language was very basic.
charming (adj.) – dễ chịu và hấp dẫn	The accommodation is pretty basic, but the place is altogether so charming* that I didn’t mind at all.*
comfortable (adj.) – thoải mái, vừa phải	The DC-3 airplane cut costs but train travel was still cheaper and more comfortable.
conventional (adj.) – theo lối cổ truyền	I live in a two-storey house. It’s a very conventional* brick building and it’s typical of the area where I live.*
cosy (adj.) – ấm cúng	This room is nice and cosy* in the winter.*
cramped (adj.) – chật hẹp	It’s a very functional apartment and there’s a space to suit every purpose. but I do find the bedrooms a bit cramped.
curved (adj.) – cong	Martinhal is a wide, curved* beach with a first-class watersports school.*
exterior (adj.) – ở ngoài, bên ngoài	The exterior* doors need to be wide enough to allow wheelchairs to enter the building.*
functional (adj.) – thiết thực, hữu dụng	I prefer objects that are well-designed, which to me, means things that are both functional* and attractive.*
futuristic (adj.) – rất hiện đại và kì lạ	Many of his designs were futuristic* at the time and were never built.*
high-rise (adj.) – cao ngất (rất nhiều tầng)	My flat is in a new high-rise* building in the city centre.*
innovative (adj.) – cách tân, đổi mới	The stations and entrances are examples of art nouveau architecture, and they are decorated with mosaics, sculptures, paintings, and innovative* doors and walls.*
internal (adj.) – ở trong, bên trong	At the 1854 World Trade fair in New York, Otis unveiled his invention and orders began to pour in, including onefrom the United States Assay Office which at that time was constructing one of the first buildings with an internal steel frame to support the exterior walls.
magnificent (adj.) – nguy nga, tráng lệ	Hikers are treated to magnificent* views of glacier-covered peaks above and tropical valleys below in their journey over high mountain passes.*
memorable (adj.) – đáng nhớ	The most memorable* place I ever visited was Bhutan.*
modern (adj.) – hiện đại	In our modern* world, we often look for quick solutions to our problems.*
multi-storey (adj.) – nhiều tầng	I park in a multi-storey car park.
old-fashioned (adj.) – lạc hậu; lỗi mốt	They have a very old-fashioned* management structure.*
ornate (adj.) – trang trí công phu	They’re quite ornate* as they have lots of pretty details on them.*
run-of-the-mill (adj.) – bình thường, trung bình	The restaurant we went to was nothing special – just run-of-the-mill.
rustic (adj.) – mộc mạc, chất phác	The accommodation is very traditional and you get the impression that nothing has changed there for hundreds of years. It’s a really historic place and very rustic.
spacious (adj.) – rộng rãi	I love the downstairs rooms as they’re very spacious.
spectacular (adj.) – ngoạn mục; hùng vĩ	The sea can be very calm at times but the surf can also be spectacular.
staggering (adj.) – gây sửng sốt; làm choáng	By 2020, there are expected to be at least 27 megacities. Such a staggering rate of urbanisation brings its own problems, especially in developing nations, where the majority of the megacities will be found.
state-of-the-art (adj.) – tiên tiến, hiện đại	Everything is controlled through a state-of-the-art* computer system.*
traditional (adj.) – (thuộc) truyền thống	The artists who came to our village to paint the landscape also like our traditional* houses.*
tranquil (adj.) – yên bình, thanh bình	I lay on the dock under a tranquil* blue sky.*
typical (adj.) – điển hình, tiêu biểu	This variety of migration is typical* of many grouse species, including the ptarmigan, a type of arctic grouse.*
ultra-modern (adj.) – tối tân	The design is ultra-modern, so there’s a lot of glass and concrete and steel – and not a lot of wood to be seen.
decorate (v.) – trang trí	We decorate* it with yellow flowers and other traditional decorations.*
design (v.) – thiết kế	After taking the throne in 1974, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck instituted a number of policies designed* to preserve the country’s cultural identity.*
devise (v.) – phát minh	The architect devised* a clever way of keeping the house cool in summer.*
invent (v.) – sáng chế, phát minh	Any perceived threat can make them roll up, including the approach of a biologist, so researchers have invented* a new measurement for the animals: ball length.*

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